How does sediment transport affect river morphology?

Sediment transport plays a crucial role in shaping river morphology, which refers to the physical form and structure of the river system. When sediment is carried by the flowing water, it can contribute to the formation of features such as bars, islands, and riverbanks. The movement of sediment can alter the flow patterns of the river as well, affecting how water moves and erodes along the banks and bed of the river. This continuous process of erosion and deposition can lead to changes in the river's shape over time.

For instance, as sediment settles in one area, it can create obstacles that redirect the flow, leading to the formation of meanders or changing the width and depth of the river channel. Likewise, areas where sediment is eroded may develop steeper banks or expose different geological features. This dynamic interaction between water and sediment is a fundamental aspect of how rivers evolve and adapt to their landscapes.