What effect do urban areas have on runoff rates?

Urban areas significantly speed up runoff due to their characteristics, particularly the prevalence of impermeable surfaces such as roads, buildings, and concrete. These surfaces do not allow water to infiltrate the ground, leading to increased surface runoff when it rains. The rapid movement of water over these hard surfaces can contribute to higher flood risks and altered drainage patterns in urban settings.

Furthermore, urban areas often have drainage systems designed to quickly channel water away, which further increases the speed of runoff. The combination of reduced infiltration and the presence of man-made drainage infrastructure results in a swift movement of water, contrasting sharply with rural areas where soil and vegetation can absorb water more effectively. This is why the answer correctly highlights that urbanization accelerates runoff.