What is the physics term for the capacity of a physical system to do work?

The term "energy" refers to the capacity of a physical system to do work. In the context of physics, energy can exist in various forms, including kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, and more. What makes energy particularly significant is that it is conserved in an isolated system and can be transferred between systems or transformed from one form to another to perform work.

In contrast, force is an interaction that causes a change in motion, power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, and momentum is the quantity of motion an object has, dependent on its mass and velocity. While all these terms are related to the broader field of physics, energy specifically embodies the ability to perform work, which is the key concept in this context.