What natural process occurs when water energy wears away soil and rock?

The natural process that occurs when water energy wears away soil and rock is called erosion. This process involves the movement of material from one location to another due to the action of gravity, wind, water, or ice. In the case of water, flowing streams, rivers, and rainfall can contribute to the detachment and transport of soil particles and rock fragments, reshaping the landscape over time.

Erosion plays a significant role in shaping river valleys, creating canyons, and contributing to soil loss in agricultural areas. It is a key component of the geological cycle, influencing sediment transportation and the overall dynamics within terrestrial ecosystems.

Other processes such as weathering involve the breakdown of rocks and minerals without movement, making it distinct from erosion. Transportation refers to the movement of eroded materials, and deposition involves the settling of sediments in new locations. Erosion initiates the cycle by removing material, making it the correct answer in this context.