Which factor does NOT influence the rate of runoff?

The rate of runoff is influenced by various factors that affect how much water is able to flow over the land surface and enter bodies of water. While all the factors listed have some impact on water movement, seasonal weather patterns, in this context, do not directly affect the rate of runoff as much as the other options.

Rainfall amount is critical because heavier rainfall typically leads to greater runoff, as the ground may not be able to absorb all the water. Land use type also plays a significant role; for instance, urban areas with impervious surfaces like roads and buildings will have higher runoff compared to rural areas with vegetation, which can absorb more water. Drought conditions also influence runoff, as they can result in dry soils that initially might absorb some water but can also lead to less vegetation, ultimately reducing water absorption and increasing runoff when heavy rains do occur.

Seasonal weather patterns themselves refer to generalized climatic conditions and do not directly affect the immediate surface conditions that would cause changes in runoff rates in a specific instance, such as a single rain event. Thus, while they may have long-term effects on vegetation and soil types, they are not a direct influencing factor for the rate of runoff in specific weather events or conditions.